The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State   By: Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State by Friedrich Engels is a fascinating and thought-provoking examination of the historical development of human society. Engels, a close collaborator of Karl Marx, presents a comprehensive analysis of the origins and evolution of the family institution, private property, and the state, grounding his arguments in historical evidence and anthropological research.

One of the most compelling aspects of Engels' work is his exploration of the transition from primitive communism to a system based on private property. He outlines how the emergence of agriculture led to the accumulation of surplus wealth, which in turn resulted in the establishment of social classes and the rise of patriarchy. Engels supports his claims by drawing evidence from various ancient societies and outlining how they influenced and shaped human kinship systems.

Engels also emphasizes the profound impact of gender relations on societal development. He skillfully argues that the transition from egalitarian societies to hierarchical ones was not arbitrary but deeply connected to the rise of private property. Engels delves into the subjugation of women, asserting that the oppression of women within the family structure has been perpetuated and exploited by the ruling class to maintain their dominance and property rights.

What sets Engels' work apart is his ability to meld historical analysis with a socialist perspective. While some critics might accuse him of oversimplifying or generalizing complex historical processes, Engels' insights into the interplay between economic systems, gender relations, and political power structures remain groundbreaking. His theories provide a critical framework for understanding the oppressive nature of capitalism and the potential for progressive change.

While reading The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State can be intellectually demanding due to its dense historical references and complex concepts, it is a rewarding experience for readers interested in sociology, anthropology, and political theory. Engels presents a compelling argument for the social construction of gender, the origins of class struggle, and the need for revolutionary change to overcome the inequalities inherent in capitalist societies.

In conclusion, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State by Friedrich Engels is a seminal work that continues to shape critical discussions on the structure of human societies. Engels' exploration of the historical roots of family, property, and the state provides a thought-provoking foundation for understanding the dynamics of power, oppression, and social progress. Whether one agrees with all of Engels' assertions or not, this book undoubtedly holds immense value for anyone seeking an in-depth analysis of the historical determinants of our modern socio-political systems.

First Page:

"An eternal being created human society as it is to day, and submission to 'superiors' and 'authority' is imposed on the 'lower' classes by divine will." This suggestion, coming from pulpit, platform and press, has hypnotized the minds of men and proves to be one of the strongest pillars of exploitation. Scientific investigation has revealed long ago that human society is not cast in a stereotyped mould. As organic life on earth assumes different shapes, the result of a succession of chemical changes, so the group life of human beings develops different social institutions as a result of increasing control over environment, especially of production of food, clothing and shelter... Continue reading book >>